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In Islam, ''shirk'' ((アラビア語:شرك) ''širk'') is the sin of practicing idolatry or polytheism, i.e. the deification or worship of anyone or anything other than the singular God i.e. Allah. Literally, it means ascribing or the establishment of "partners" placed beside God. It is the vice that is opposed to the virtue of ''Tawhid'' (monotheism).〔Kamoonpuri, S: "Basic Beliefs of Islam" pages 42–58. Tanzania Printers Limited, 2001.〕 Within Islam, ''shirk'' is an unforgivable crime if it remains unpardoned before death: Allah may forgive any sin if one dies in that state except for committing ''shirk''.〔 The word ''širk'' comes from the Arabic root Š-R-K (), with the general meaning of "to share".〔see e.g. A. A. Nadwi, "Vocabulary of the Qur'an"〕 In the context of the Quran, the particular sense of "sharing as an equal partner" is usually understood, so that polytheism means "attributing a partner to Allah". In the Qur'an, ''shirk'' and the related word ''mušrikūn'' (مشركون), — those who commit shirk and plot against Islam — often refer to the enemies of Islam (as in verse 9.1–15). ==Quran== Islamic commentators on the Quran have emphasized that pre-Islamic Arabic idolatry made a number of godlings (most memorably the three goddesses al-Manāt, al-lāt and ʻUzzā) equal associates of Allah (as the Qur'an discusses in the 53rd surat) and the word ''mushrikūn'' (singular: ''mushrik'') is often translated into English as "polytheists". Allah mentions the names of some of the idols in the Qu'ran and what the people of Nuh's community would say in an effort by the idolaters to ignore and mock Nuh. "They (idolaters) have said: "You shall not leave your gods nor shall you leave Wadd, nor Suwa', nor Yaghuth, nor Ya'uq nor Nasr." (Qur'an 71:23) Other forms of ''shirk'' include the worship of wealth and other material objects. This is pointed out in the Qur'an in one of the stories of the Children of Israel, when they took a calf made of gold for worship, and for which Moses ordered them to repent. Another form of shirk mentioned in the Qur'an is to take scholars of religion, monks, divines, or religious lawyers as Lord(s) in practice by following their doctrines, and/or by following their rulings on what is lawful when it is at variance to the law or doctrines prescribed by Allah's revelation. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Shirk (Islam)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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